International commercial transportation document CMR
The CMR document is an accompanying document to a contract for the international carriage of goods by road. The use of this document is possible when at least one of the countries involved in the delivery has ratified the Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road (CMR).
*Issued in three copies: one for the sender, one for the carrier, and one for the consignee.
The following data is included in the waybill
- Date of departure;
- name of the cargo;
- information about the addressee;
- information about the recipient;
- delivery time.
*The document must be signed by the consignor and the carrier.
EX-1 declaration
This declaration applies to goods produced in EU countries that are exported outside the European Union. Thanks to EX-1, you can avoid paying VAT locally. The document is executed by representatives of the carrier or manufacturer (supplier) with the appropriate license. The EX-1 declaration is cancelled upon crossing the EU borders.
T1 declaration
This declaration is intended to accompany goods of non-European origin within the EU. It is executed by authorized persons of the supplier or carrier at customs warehouses or at the EU border if the goods are imported by land, or directly on board the aircraft if the goods are transported by air.
TIR system (Transports International Routiers)
The main goal of the TIR system is to simplify the process of crossing state borders for carriers, as well as to provide customs authorities of the participating countries with clear rules for handling transit cargo.
The TIR system operates in more than 50 countries, and the customs services of these countries have allowed more than 4000 carriers to operate under this system.
The main principles of the system are as follows:
— During transportation, cargo is protected from unauthorized access by sealing and using special-purpose containers;
— cargo is accompanied by a TIR Carnet, which is a document for international road transportation.
TIR Carnet (Carnet TIR) is a document that accompanies the cargo between the customs offices of the sender and the recipient. It is issued by authorized organizations (in Ukraine it is the Association of Road Carriers) and has the form of a book with 4-14 pages. The first page is continuous, and the remaining pages are torn off at each new customs office.
The use of the TIR system is becoming increasingly common for cargo transportation, as it helps speed up delivery and reduce transportation costs.
Bill of lading – a document in maritime transportation It is a document that accompanies cargo during maritime transportation.
Functions and purpose of the bill of lading:
— Certifies acceptance of the cargo by the carrier and its condition;
— acts as a consignment note and a document regulating the disposal of goods;
— confirms the contract for the transportation of goods.
The bill of lading is issued by the carrier to the sender of the goods and certifies the transfer of the goods for transportation. It is drawn up in three copies: one for the sender, one for the carrier, and one for the consignee. One of the copies is stamped “Original” and the other two are stamped “Copy”. The copy with the “Original” stamp is sent to the recipient, which entitles him to receive the cargo.
Information to be included in the bill of lading:
— The name of the vehicle;
— information of the consignee;
— information of the sender;
— data on the place of acceptance and loading;
— a destination of the cargo;
— time and place of issuance of the document.
Airwaybill – Air waybill
Documents used in air transportation.
An air waybill does not act as a document giving the right to dispose of goods but serves as a confirmation of the conclusion of a transportation contract and the transfer of cargo to the air carrier. It can also serve as a customs declaration.
An air waybill is prepared by the shipper or his agent on the basis of an invoice and consists of three parts:
- The part that remains with the carrier, signed by the shipper.
- A part for the consignee, signed by the consignee and the carrier, which remains with the consignee.
- Part for the consignor confirming delivery and acceptance of the cargo by the consignee.
The following information shall be included in the air waybill:
- Place of departure and arrival;
- list of documents attached to the waybill;
- the cost of the cargo;
- amount of payment for transportation;
- time of issue of the waybill.
*All responsibility for the accuracy of the information entered in the air waybill lies with the sender.
There are different types of air waybills
- MAWB (Master Air Waybill):
— Provided by the airline and consists of information about the agents or sender in the country of departure and the country of destination of the cargo; - HAWB (House Air Waybill):
— Issued by the agent and contains information about the addressee and addressee based on the invoice attached to the cargo.
*Each number of the air waybill is unique and allows you to track the location of the cargo in real-time.
